Spiranthes

Spiranthes spiralis
Typus of Spiranthes

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asparagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Orchidoideae
Tribus: Cranichideae
Subtribus: Spiranthinae
Genus: Spiranthes

Overview of species (41)

S. aestivalis – S. arcisepala – S. australis – S. bightensis – S. brevilabris – S. casei – S. cernua – S. delitescens – S. diluvialis – S. eatonii – S. flexuosa – S. graminea – S. hachijoensis – S. igniorchis – S. incurva – S. infernalis – S. jouyana – S. lacera – S. laciniata – S. longilabris – S. lucida – S. magnicamporum – S. maokensis – S. nebulorum – S. niklasii – S. nivea – S. ochroleuca – S. odorata – S. ovalis – S. perexilis – S. porrifolia – S. praecox – S. pusilla – S. romanzoffiana – S. sheviakii – S. sinensis – S. spiralis – S. sunii – S. sylvatica – S. torta – S. triloba – S. tuberosa – S. vernalis

Nothospecies: (9)

S. × eamesii – S. × heteroaustralis – S. × hongkongensis – S. × intermedia – S. × kapnosperia – S. × sierrae – S. × simpsonii – S. × stellata – S. × zahlbruckneri 

Name

Spiranthes Rich., De Orchid. Eur.: 28 (1817), nom. cons.

• Type species: Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 330 (1827)

Synonymy

• Heterotypic
  • Orchiastrum Ség., Pl. Veron. 3: 252 (1754).
  • Triorchis Millán, Jac. Pet. Opera: t. 68, f. 7 (1765), nom. illeg.
  • Helictonia Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 4: 148 (1789).
  • Aristotelea Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 522 (1790)
  • Gyrostachis Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 511 (1807), nom. provis.
  • Ibidium Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 291 (1812).
  • Tussacia Raf. ex Desv., Observ. Pl. Angers: 91 (1818).
  • Gyrostachys Pers. ex Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 134 (1827).
  • Monustes Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 87 (1837).
  • Orchiastrum Micheli ex Greene, Man. Bot. San Francisco: 305 (1894).
  • Triorchis Petiver ex Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 122 (1913), orth. var.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Europe Northern Europe Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland. Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Eastern Europe East European Russia, Ukraine. Africa Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. Asia-Temperate Siberia Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutiya. Russian Far East Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin. Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey. China China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang. Mongolia Mongolia. Eastern Asia Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan. Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya. Indo-China Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Malesia Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera. Papuasia New Guinea, Solomon Islands. Australasia Australia New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria. New Zealand Chatham Islands, New Zealand North, New Zealand South. Pacific Southwestern Pacific Niue, New Caledonia, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu. Northern America Subarctic America Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon. Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isle, Québec. Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Islands, Vermont, West Virginia. Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah. South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia. Mexico Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast. Southern America ' Central America Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua. Caribbean Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Islands. Northern South America French Guiana. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Richard, L.C.M. 1817. De Orchideis Europaeis annotationes, praesertim ad genera dilucidanda spectantes. iv + 39 pp., 1 pl. A. Belin, Paris. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2003. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 3: Orchidoideae (Part two); page 258 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850711-9
  

Links

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2023. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Spiranthes. Accessed: 2023 Jul 24.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Spiranthes in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Jul 24. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2023. Spiranthes. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Jul 24. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Spiranthes. Accessed: 24 Jul 2023.
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Spiranthes. Published online. Accessed: 24 Jul 2023.
• Tropicos.org 2023. Spiranthes. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 24 Jul 2023.

Vernacular names

العربية: لولوبة
Deutsch: Drehwurzen
English: Ladies'-tresses
فارسی: چنبره‌ای (سرده)
suomi: Kierrevilkat
hrvatski: Zasukica
hornjoserbsce: Wjertulka
italiano: Viticcini
日本語: ネジバナ
перем коми: Спирантес
коми: Спирантес
lietuvių: Sraigtenis
мокшень: Спирантес
кырык мары: Спирантес
Nederlands: Schroeforchis
polski: Kręczynka
русский: Спирантес
slovenščina: škrbica
svenska: Skruvaxsläktet
Türkçe: İncisalebi
удмурт: Спирантес
Tiếng Việt: Gyrostachys
中文: 绶草属
中文（简体）: 绶草属
中文（繁體）: 綬草屬

For more multimedia, look at Spiranthes on Wikimedia Commons.